Dynamo-electric machine or electric motor



(NovModel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. GROASDALE. DYNAMO ELECTRG MACHINE OR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

. Patented May 20, 1890.

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(No Model.) 2 sheets-snen-z.

E. CROASDALB. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE OR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 1128.380.v Patented May 20, 1890.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

EDGAR CROASDALE, CF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE OR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 428,380, dated May 20, 1890.

Application iled January 26, 1886. Serial No. 189,822.

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR CnoAsDALE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines or Electric Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in dynamoelectric machines or motors of the self-exciting type; and it consists in features of construction hereinafter enumerated, but particularly pointed out in the claims which follow this specification. It will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, taken in connection with the speciiication.

Figure l represents a transverse section taken through the machine in the plane of Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the entire machine, showing parts thereof in elevation. Fig. 3 is a broken end elevation showing the relation of the brush-shifting devices. Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of one leg of one of the vfield-cores, showing the laminated structure thereof and the winding of the excitingwire. Figs. 5 and 6 are detail sectional views of the commutator, taken, respectively, ninety degrees apart. Fig. 7 is a detail end eleva` tion of the commutator-brusli-holding device. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the same with commutator. Fig. 9 is a detail view of a pe culiar form of commutator-brush. Figs. lO, ll, and 12 are modiiied detail views of the contact mechanism connected with the brushshifting devices. Figs. 13 and 1I are det-ail views of the brush and necessary connections.

Prior to my invention it was old in the art to construct a dynamo-machine with two opposite pole-pieces closely encircling a ringarmature of the Gramme type, said pole-pieces being of y what is known as the Camacho type of magnet. It was also old to combine encircling held-magnet poles with a barrelarmature having radial pole-pieces, such as is known in the art as the Lontintype of armature. In my machine the field-magnets are composed of two magnetically distinct or separate pole-pieces which closely encircle (No model.)

the armature, each of which is made up of two or more inwardly-projecting legs magnetically connected at both ends and wound after the manner of the Camacho magnets,

`had in connection with the drawings.

A A represent two approximately semicircular magnets which closely envelop the armature M. The outer portions K Of these magnets, as well as the parts C, are magnetic, and are connected to the frame of the machine by a yoke.

Il l-I are non-magnetic plates which are secured to the part J, but detachable from the cores C. II Il also represent side plates, as shown in Fig. 2, for the protection of the 1nachine. The winding of the field-magnets is the same as in the Camacho machine7 and is so arranged as to make the interior pole of one magnet north, while that of the other is south. The winding of the circuit upon the armature is also like that of the Camacho magnet, and the wire thereof is connected to the commutator-strips in any desired way. This armature M consists of an iron or magnetic ring N, having projecting pole-pieces P, and is carried on the shaft R by a spider Q. The pole-pieces of the field-magnets B C are laminated, as shown at L in Fig. 4, for the purpose of ventilation and to avoid Foucault currents. The commutator is supported on a metallic sleeve T, keyed to the shaft R and provided with a nut U, which holds it in proper place. This commutator is insulated from metallic sleeve T by a rubber or vulcanized iiber spool V; and it consists of a series of commutator-strips IV, firmly held in place by the action of the screw-nut U on sleeve T against the V-shaped insulated parts, as shown in Fig. 2. They are also held embedded in the insulating material constituting the sleeve V, kas clearly shown in Fig. 6. At their inner fic IOO

ends they are turned, and are provided with eyes Q and screws X for holding the extensions of the armature-wire iirmly in position on the same shaft. Abutting against the end of the armature is a vulcanized ber or other insulating ring Z, provided with the necessary attachments, as shown in Fig. 2, for connecting a series of conducting-strips D between the commutator-bars and the armature-wires. The armature-wires are brought te this ring Z and connected up in any well-known manner, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

E2 E2 are the commutator-brushes, which rest upon the commuator-strips in the usual manner, and are tirmly held in place by the brush-holders supported upon the arms G2, which latter are insulated from the 'frame and connected to a brush-shifting yoke C2, jour naled on the shaft R. These brush-holders are composed of two yokes H. M', jonrnaled on the arms G2 and adapted to allow the brush to assume any desired position, said yokes being connected together, as shown at L, in such manner as to give universal motion.

J is an opening into which the brush is fitted, and K is a thumb-screw for holding it in place. P is a spiral spring wound about the brush-holding rod N and attached thereto at one of its ends, the other end being attached to the yoke M, which carries at its outer end a ratchet S and pawl T said ratchet being iixed to a bevel-gear U which meshes with a corresponding bevel-gear Y', provided with a handle XV for regulating the pressure oi' the brush on the commutator.

The brush shifting yoke carries two quadrants K2, of conducting material, which are insulated from the trame of the machine, but connected electrically to the brush-carrying arms G2, which latter are also insulated from the yoke C2. These quadrants are diametrically opposite each other andare adapted to revolve frictionally between two conducting-rollers T2 U2, journalcd to the pins Q2 and fixed to the frame, as shown, at the top and bottom of the machine. These pins Q2 are et course insulated from the frame, as shown at Z2. The contact-rollers T2 and U2 are held in place frictionally, grasping the quadrants by springs A2, acted on by nuts C2 on the ends of the pins Q2. They are also held from lateral motion due to the action of the quadrants by additional rollers V2, journaled on pins P2, attached to the same arms which support the pins Q2. It will be understood that with this arrangement the brushes may be shifted to any desired position, while the conductors which carry the current from the machine to the exterior circuit are not disturbed, the contacts from the brushes being made through the quadrants and rollers to {ixed binding-posts on the machine.

rlhe shifting ot' the commntator-brnshes is effected by the agency of a hand-lever D2, which is attached to the yoke C2, carrying quadrants F2, as shown in Figs. 2 and lith such an arrangement it will be seen that the armature-circuit may be absolutely broken by shitting the brushes to the proper position, as seen in Fig. I regard this as an essential and valuable feature in my invention.

Figs. lO, ll, and l2 disclose modiiied forms of contact devices to supplant those used with the quadrants K2. In Fig. l0 the part E2 assumes the place of one of the quad ants K2, while the bevel-roller G2 makes contact to the outgoing circuits. Similarly in Fig. ll the part H2 corresponds to one of the quadrants, while the oblong rollers J3 constitute the cont-acts to outgoing circuits. In Fig. l2 K3 corresponds to one ot the quadrants,while the bevel-rollers L2, attached to the arm M3, make a contact for the outgoing circuits.

In Fig. 9 l disclose a novel form of comnnitator-brush, which consists of an oblong roller having a curvilinear surface. This roller is journaled in the yoke Z, pivoted to the brush-holder at Y.

Attached to the upper part of the machine and insulated therefrom I have shown two binding-posts N2, firmly held in place by nuts Q3 on the projecting ends P2. These bindingposts have shoulders T3 and the necessary holes U:3 for the insertion ot the wire. On the upper end ot said posts are thumb-nuts V2, screw-threaded thereto, as shown at R2, and having shoulder-S3, adapted to clamp the wire when inserted in the hole U3 between it and the fixed shoulder T3. This form o'l binding-post is not novel with me; but l prefer to use it, for the reason that it gives a firm contact, which is especially desirable in dynamomachines. The conductors which energize the field-magnets pass from these posts either to the commutator-brushes or their necessary connections in amanner well understood, or else to a separate source et electrical energy for exciting said held-magnets.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

l. ln a dynamo-electric machine orelcctric motor, the combination of two curved polepieces of magnetic material having each one or more outwardly-projecting cores, each of which is made of magnetic material and of two concentric parts, the exciting-wire being wound ti rst on the exterior ot one of said parts and then between the two in such direction as to concentrate the magnetic lines of force at theinteriorpoles of said core, substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, the curved pole-pieces A, having nonmagnetic side and end plates Il, in combination with the helices F and G,y surrounding the concentric cores B and C, substantially as described.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, the curved pole-pieces A, having nonmagnetic side and end plates H, and radial magnetic cores C, provided with surrounding TOO ITO

helices, in combination with surrounding or concentric cores B and their surrounding helices, substantially as described.

et. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, a curved pole-piece having a central magnetic core surrounded by a helix and a surrounding core surrounded by an additional helix, in combination With a surrounding shell or cap, said core and cap having slots or perforations, substantially as described.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the brushshifting yoke C2, having handles and mounted on the shaft R, the bearings Jbrushes in holders insulated from said brush-arms, the curved pieces K2, andthe arms M2, electrically insulated from the side bearings J 2 and carrying studs withl Wheels thereon, combined substantially as described.

6. A dynamo-electric machine or electric motor having a iield-magnet composed of two parts, each of which has two or more in wardly-proj ecting pole-pieces with concentric cores magnetically united at their inner and outer ends and concentrically Wound, substantially as described.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, an armaturevconsisting of a ring of magnetic material having pole-pieces, each consisting of concentric parts Wound with concentric coils and united at their bases, said parts being combined substantially as described.

8. A commutator foradynamo-electric machine or electric motor, consisting of a disk of insulating` material, on which are secured contact-strips having means for connecting the armature-Wire thereto permanently, and additional contact-strips for connecting said means with thc commutator-strips, so that the commutator-strips may be removed for renewal or repairs Without disturbing the Wire-connections of the armature, substantially as described.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, a pivoted brush-carrying frame, in combination with a concave roller journaled thereon and a commutator, substantially as described.

l0. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, a commutator-brush-carrying device consisting ot' two pivotally-supported yokes adapted to cause the brush to bear evenly upon all portions of the commutator, substantially as described.

l1. In adynamo-electric machine or electric motor, a brush-supporting device consisting of a yoke or frame supported on a fixed arm and adapted to revolve about said iiXed arm, with an additional yoke pivoted to the firstnamed yoke, substantially at right angles to the plane of rotation, whereby the brush is adapted to suit itself evenly to all portions of the commutator, substantially as described.

l2. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, a brush-supporting yoke consisting of tWo pivotal portions in combination With an adj listing paWl and ratchet for regulating the pressure ot' the brush on the commutator, substantially as described.

13. Inadynamo-electric machine, the conducting-rollers T2 and U2 on the same shaft, in combination With the quadrants K2 on the shifting-yoke C2, and means, substantially as described, for keeping the said conductingrollers in contact With said quadrants, substantially as described.

14. In a dynamo-electric machine, asliding rolling and shearing contact consisting of a rotary Wheel, pivotal support therefor, and a a commutator, said parts being combined substantially as described.

EDGAR CROASDALE.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. WIEDERSHEIM, A. P. GRANT. 

